Learners of a second language often have limited access to the native culture of that language in an authentic way, resulting in them committing linguistic and intercultural mistakes. One of the main advantages of task-based learning is that it can expose students to real-world circumstances, which makes learning a language more meaningful and…

As the instructional shortcomings of Focus on FormS and Focus on Meaning have surfaced, Focus on Form (i.e., drawing brief attention to linguistic forms while learners engage primarily in meaning) has slowly but steadily gained the attention of researchers and teachers. The research question underlying this study was whether Focus on Form could be…

In this paper, the patterns of variability in the use of auxiliary verbs in English as a second language from speakers with a Persian ethnic background are compared to those of Persian, and English. The findings of the comparisons between L1, L2, and English help us determine how variable L2 is and what the sources of this variation are. Our…