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Validity and Reliability of the Turkish-Adapted School Participant Empowerment Scale (SPES) for Teachers with the PLS-SEM Approach

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Polat, Murat – Online Submission, 2022

The importance of empowering school participants is increasing day by day. A school with empowered teachers can take more confident steps towards future education. Thus, it is important to determine the empowerment level of teachers as an important stakeholder of the school. The main purpose of this research is to adopt a measurement tool…

Descriptors: Test Validity, Test Reliability, Test Construction, Turkish