This study aims to conduct a literature review to explore the justification for including programming and coding in K-12 curricula. Additionally, it considers the value of teaching computational thinking and programming principles, pedagogical strategies, and the advantages and drawbacks of teaching programming to young students. Most studies…

Research indicates that understanding levels of abstraction (LOA) and being able to move between the levels is essential to programming success. For K-5 contexts we rename the LOA levels: problem, design, code and running the code. In our qualitative exploratory study, we interviewed five K-5 teachers on their uses of LOA, particularly the design…

Learning to programme requires complex cognitive skills that computing students find it arduous in comprehension. PP (pair programming) is an intensive style of programme cooperation where two people working together in resolving programming scenarios. It begins to draw the interests of educators as a teaching approach to facilitate learning and…