Introduction: Various studies have associated boredom in educational processes with a variety of negative effects. It is believed that boredom is caused by a failure in the environment to fulfill our need for motivation. Many tools (scales) have been developed to measure it. However, these scales are designed to measure global boredom, that is, at…

The number of migrants around the world has increased over the last decade, which can be attributed, in part, to increased violence from wars in the Middle East (Böhm et al., 2018; Hahnefeld, 2021; Reavell & Fazil, 2017; USA for UNHCR, 2022). About half of refugees are children (Amnesty International, 2022). These children are at risk of…

Emotions are of vital importance in the foreign language learning process. However, while anxiety is one of the most commonly studied affective variables in the foreign language research context, positive emotions have recently become a trendy research topic among English as a foreign language (EFL) researchers. In addition, foreign language…

The flow theory with its components 'anxiety', 'boredom', 'skills' and 'challenges' can be associated with foreign language learning contexts. Although there are some attempts in several studies to examine the link between EFL context and the flow theory, no scale to measure the flow state in EFL context has been found in the related literature.…

The aim of this paper is to discuss the interrelationships between the learning of a language, the learning of playing a musical instrument and the learning of movement patterns in order to perform physical exercise. Each area of learning is dealt with separately and in a manner that explains in depth the process of learning. An historical account…

Although emotion(s) have been of long interest to humans, they have particularly captivated the attention of many people and scholarly disciplines in the last 20 years. This paper critiques mainstream psychology of emotions and in particular, what Daniel Goleman has labeled the "collective emotional crisis" of our times and its relationship with…