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Dick, Walter – Performance and Instruction, 1986
Addresses the four questions raised by Yelon about use of pretests with instruction--should I pretest; on what should I pretest; how should I pretest; how should I adjust to results--and answers them from the perspective of instructional designers conducting formative evaluations to improve quality of instruction under development. (MBR)
Descriptors: Formative Evaluation, Instructional Design, Material Development, Motivation
Thiagarajan, Sivasailam – Performance and Instruction, 1987
Described back-end synthesis as the creation and integration of the secondary intervention required for efficient and cost-effective implementation of performance improvement programs. Involving analysis, design, evaluation, revision, and implementation, this process is related to front-end analysis, and a sample application in a performance…
Descriptors: Cost Effectiveness, Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Utilization, Formative Evaluation
Geis, George L. – Performance and Instruction, 1987
This discussion of formative evaluation as part of the instructional design process focuses on developmental testing and expert review. A review of the literature helps define each approach, research on formative evaluation is reviewed, and 37 references are provided. (LRW)
Descriptors: Field Tests, Formative Evaluation, Guidelines, Heuristics
Ilgen-Lieth, Marya; Hazen, Margret – Performance and Instruction, 1987
Focuses on the first of three stages of the path evaluation procedure for instructional software, performing the preliminary evaluation. The three main steps involved in preliminary evaluation are (1) a program is chosen for evaluation; (2) information is exchanged with the faculty developer; and (3) the instructional designer reviews the software…
Descriptors: Computer Software Reviews, Courseware, Diagrams, Evaluation Criteria
Geis, George L. – Performance and Instruction, 1986
This discussion of how conditions of the recipient can affect effectiveness of feedback presents an overview of the topic (feedback functions and feedback about what, when, by whom, and types), and discusses factors affecting formative feedback, i.e., recipients' discrimination repertoires and self-monitoring behavior development in…
Descriptors: Behavior, Classification, Discrimination Learning, Feedback
Rojas, Alicia M. – Performance and Instruction, 1987
Reviews an investigation of whether different formative evaluation procedures are needed when learning materials designed for one population are used by different cultural groups. Groups from the United States and Brazil were used to compare learner reactions and attitudes and to determine the amount of modification needed to revise materials.…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences, Developed Nations