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Direct linkSpringuel, R. Padraic; Wittmann, Michael C.; Thompson, John R. – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2019
How data are collected and how they are analyzed is typically described in the literature, but how the data are encoded is often not described in detail. In this paper, we discuss how data typically gathered in PER are encoded and how the choice of encoding plays a role in data analysis. We describe the kinds of data that are found when using…
Descriptors: Physics, Educational Research, Science Education, Coding
Conlon, Mallory; Coble, Kim; Bailey, Janelle M.; Cominsky, Lynn R. – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2017
As astronomers further develop an understanding of the fate of the Universe, it is essential to study students' ideas on the fate of the Universe so that instructors can communicate the field's current status more effectively. In this study, we examine undergraduate students' preinstruction ideas of the fate of the Universe in ten semester-long…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Astronomy, Knowledge Level, Introductory Courses
