Geometry is a strand of mathematics that can benefit individuals in many areas of life. Test results, such as the TIMSS results, indicate that geometry is an area for growth among American students. With a need for students to better understand geometry, several academic standards have been created to direct geometry instruction in the United…

This study was designed with the overall goal of understanding how difficulties in reading comprehension are associated with early adolescents' performance in large-scale assessments in subject domains including science and civic-related social studies. The current study extended previous research by taking a cognition-centered approach based on…