The impact of childhood trauma on students in schools has become a relevant issue for today's school leaders in the United States (Mendelson et al., 2015). The effects of trauma often interfere with students' ability to learn and manage the demands of a school environment. Students are coming into schools with diverse academic, behavioral, and…

The Pennsylvania Educator Effectiveness System strives to place an effective teacher in every classroom. This evaluation system incorporates the use of value-added growth measures, not only at the teacher level, but also at the building level. These building level scores are included in every teacher's yearly evaluation. This study sought to…