The practice of grading students began in the late 1800s and became institutionalized within the educational system. Grading in K-12 education has remained relatively unchanged in its purpose, intent, and use for nearly a century while simultaneously becoming an increasingly critical factor that impacts student opportunities, external perceptions…

This qualitative study developed a preparation series to prepare principals in the approach of Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) to support teachers in implementation. The series included six virtual sessions that prepared principals in understanding the "Why" behind CGI, the connection to the state standards, number sense routines,…

The proliferation of mentoring programs for new teachers has led to a tremendous interest in the skills that mentors develop in order to effectively support their mentees. Consequently, a substantial body of research has focused on the practice of mentoring and mentored learning. Majority of these studies have relied upon data collected at single…