As increasing numbers of foreign language programs have employed multimedia into their curricula, the importance of ways and means to optimize the students' language learning through multimedia has been emphasized. While multimedia with on-screen text in the target language is extensively adopted by foreign language learners, there is no study of…

Research on advanced L2 adult learners and viable classroom instruction for them has become increasingly important along with increasing global connections. This study investigated the effects of different kinds of spoken input modification on listening comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning by 106 advanced Chinese speakers of Japanese…