Educational neuroscience bridges research in neuroscience and in educational theories and practices (Amran et al., 2019). The science behind how the brain learns informs educational approaches that can be applied in the classroom (Howard-Jones, 2014). Prior research has focused on teachers' knowledge and applications of educational neuroscience,…

High school students in today's modern educational system are expected by educational authorities to demonstrate mathematical proficiency in both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding. Since the shift to Common Core Mathematics, the focus of mathematical pedagogy has shifted from procedural to conceptual, presenting difficulty for…

Research has shown time spent outdoors in quality environments benefits the health, physical, mental, and cognitive development of young children. Despite these findings, many teachers in traditional preschool programs spend only a small part of the school day outdoors for gross motor and social development. The number of preschools that spend…

The central research question of the study asks: how do middle school students experience learning mathematics in middle school mathematics class? The additional research questions that guide the study ask: what are some of the barriers to learning mathematics in middle school mathematics class and what causes students to understand certain…