Within the past two decades there has been an increased amount of interest in human-centered information retrieval research beyond the traditional system-focused view embodied by Cranfield- and TREC-style evaluation. From blending search and recommender systems to work on search as learning, the limits of conventional search engines' focus on…

In an effort to increase the quantity and quality of available teachers, states have begun to offer alternate methods of teacher certification. This means that in addition to traditional teacher training, which involves graduation from an accredited teacher-education institution, states provide alternate routes to enable teachers to transition to…