In the United States, Hmong Americans rank low in academic performance and are among the poorest ethnic groups (Lor, 2017; Ngo & Lee, 2007; S. Xiong & Lam, 2013; C. Y. Vang, 2012). The lack of success in education has contributed to their underrepresentation in graduate school (Budiman, 2021; Ngo & Lee, 2007; S. Xiong & Lam, 2013).…

The North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS) is quickly becoming the first choice for many Hmong students to gain an affordable, high-quality education. However, the Hmong population remains one of the few minority groups who are still first-generation and struggles to be college ready. This study used quantitative and qualitative…

Research identifies the alphabetic principle as a vital step in literacy development and validates Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) measures as early predictors of reading success. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the NWF assessment process used to measure the alphabetic principle is culturally valid for early elementary Hmong…

This dissertation is a sociophonetic analysis of the English spoken by Hmong Americans living in the "Twin Cities" of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. The Twin Cities has the largest urban population of Hmong Americans in the United States. Through studies of production and perception of vowels involved in sound changes, I…

U.S. higher education institutions are enrolling increasing numbers of long-term immigrant students, who belong to Generation 1.5. Essentially beginning college while still in the process of learning English, these students often struggle in higher education, and they present new challenges to college writing instructors. This study explored the…