Despite national efforts for internationalization, college student enrollment in language programs is in decline (MLA, 2019), and the United States continues to be a very monolingual country. Similarly, although Brazil is seen as an ethnically diverse and multicultural nation, and that the country's common core standards consider English to be a…

The problem in the present quasi-experimental research design was the poor English communication skills of college students enrolled in first-year English as a second language (ESL) courses in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this quantitative study was to compare learning outcomes between a first-year English as a second class taught with the…