The purpose of this quantitative post measure only experimental study was to determine if, or to what extent, the use of emojis by a chatbot pedagogical agent in a threaded conversation is effective in eliciting social presence, human-like, and engaging perceptions by adult learners living in North America. Social presence theory provided the…

The topic of dialogue, especially as it pertains to interpersonal communication and conflict resolution, is an important issue as we continue to see increasing human conflicts occurring at all levels of society. As globalization continues to create greater complexity and increased global tensions, educators are increasingly being called upon to…

This doctoral research study examined how nontraditional students from different generations experience returning to college to gain insight into their media and technology usage habits and determine how those differences might influence enrollment marketing practices. The study was designed and administered using relationship marketing as a…

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 and the subsequent shutdown of all of the schools in the United States thrust teachers into distance learning environments with little or no preparation. This mixed methods exploratory study of teachers' perceptions of the role of professional learning in reducing transactional distance in a virtual environment…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivation in the persistence of adults enrolled in online higher education. Since the 1990s, online courses and programs have proliferated across higher education, with adults (ages 25 and over) currently making up the largest portion of online enrollments. Online courses, however, suffer…

Working adults planning to pursue higher education programs to advance their careers often face conflicting demands. Colleges and universities are challenged to offer non-traditional programs with more scheduling flexibility, allowing adult learners to manage multiple work, family, and other obligations while attending school (Dana, 2013;…

This study identified the content of educator conversations and determined how social interactions contributed to participant learning. Data sources included videos from face-to-face conversational sessions and individual, video stimulated-recall (SR) interviews conducted virtually. Participants included fifth and sixth-grade teachers from five…

Learning communities have provided adults with effective environments for professional growth and allow learners to meaningfully interact about a topic. Online course management systems (CMS) are often used to support a community of learners but do not necessarily facilitate learning communities, and specific constructivist learning activities on…