The fast progress of online learning raises the problem of understanding and adequate perception of this process by parents of students because they may influence choices made by students concerning their education, which may be either online or face-to-face. The cultural background of the parents may have a considerable impact on the perception…

This dissertation investigates the longitudinal development of Chinese language proficiency among students in a Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) Flagship Program at an American public university from 2014 to 2024. Using Bayesian multilevel regression models, this study assesses the trajectories of listening, speaking, and reading proficiency…