Instructional videos are becoming increasingly popular in both formal and informal learning environments. This study aimed to examine the effects of on-screen representation (text or multimedia visuals) and context of examples (context-same or context-different) on retention, transfer, and perceived learning. Results demonstrated that varying the…

Humans rely heavily on their sense of vision and look at images in response to their need for information. People learn from didactic images within environments; for this reason, in traditional educational environments, educators tend to care about visual representation. As today's technology brings images to wider audiences with more diverse…