The purpose of this study was to explore the technology leadership behaviors of school principals. This mixed-method explanatory study investigated this essential role for 21st century school leaders, informed by the lenses of self-efficacy theory and transformational leadership theory. This study developed and validated the Education Leaders Technology Survey (ELTS), a survey instrument based on the 2018 International Society for Technology in Education Standards for Education Leaders (ISTE-EL). The ELTS was found to be a reliable instrument and may be a valuable addition to educational technology research. Both the methodology of this study and the creation of a reliable research instrument based on these new standards addressed gaps in the research on technology leadership. The results of this study suggested that principals are only somewhat fulfilling their roles as technology leaders. No significant relationships between principal or school demographics were found in this study. The principal participants described their technology leadership with behaviors generally aligned to the ISTE-EL Standards. They also shared challenges to technology leadership and behaviors related to transformational leadership practices. Based on the study's findings a number of recommendations and areas for future research are provided. School leaders need to grow and change to realize the demands and potential of educational reform and educational technology policy; principals must improve their technology leadership to help our students succeed in our schools and beyond. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]