The goal of this research was to design, develop, and evaluate VRI (Virtual Reality Instructional) and ARI (Augmented Reality Instructional) modules to supplement traditional education and training. The objectives of this research were to (1) design and develop the VRI modules for use in immersive and non-immersive environments; (2) evaluate those modules based on existing frameworks for engagement and learning effectiveness via user studies; (3) design and develop an ARI module to aid users in evacuating a building; (4) include visual cues (termed "intelligent signs") within the ARI module; and (5) evaluate the ARI module for usability and usefulness. The VRI modules were built using Python and the Vizard VR Toolkit. The ARI module was built using SketchUp and the Unity3d game engine. The overall aim of this work is to demonstrate the learning effectiveness of the VRI modules and the ARI module for teaching and training, respectively. To prove this, the VRI modules were evaluated through user studies where participants completed a questionnaire based on the Student Assessment of Learning Gains(SALG) instrument and the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ). Likewise, the ARI module was evaluated where participants completed a questionnaire based on the System Usability Scale(SUS) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) instruments. Several semesters' worth of data was collected during the user studies and analyzed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and t-test. The findings from the user studies demonstrated that the VRI modules were notably effective at teaching the concepts and were perceived as engaging. On average, those using one of the VRI Modules scored approximately 59% on the pre-test before using it and scored around 67%on the post-test after using it. Additionally, those using the VRI Modules scored up to 16percentage points higher than those who did not use the Modules. Similarly, the finding from the user studies demonstrated that ARI modules were user friendly and effective in guiding users to safety by providing a detailed three-dimensional view of the building plan with intelligent signs. Around 66% of the participants evaluating the ARI Module indicated that they would use it to aid them in evacuating the building and about 85% of the participants said that they would prefer to use it over a two-dimensional map. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]