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Direct linkLudtke, Oliver; Marsh, Herbert W.; Robitzsch, Alexander; Trautwein, Ulrich – Psychological Methods, 2011
In multilevel modeling, group-level variables (L2) for assessing contextual effects are frequently generated by aggregating variables from a lower level (L1). A major problem of contextual analyses in the social sciences is that there is no error-free measurement of constructs. In the present article, 2 types of error occurring in multilevel data…
Descriptors: Simulation, Educational Psychology, Social Sciences, Measurement
Emons, Wilco H. M.; Sijtsma, Klaas; Meijer, Rob R. – Psychological Methods, 2007
Short tests containing at most 15 items are used in clinical and health psychology, medicine, and psychiatry for making decisions about patients. Because short tests have large measurement error, the authors ask whether they are reliable enough for classifying patients into a treatment and a nontreatment group. For a given certainty level,…
Descriptors: Psychiatry, Patients, Error of Measurement, Test Length
