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Direct linkGeiser, Christian; Lockhart, Ginger – Psychological Methods, 2012
Latent state-trait (LST) analysis is frequently applied in psychological research to determine the degree to which observed scores reflect stable person-specific effects, effects of situations and/or person-situation interactions, and random measurement error. Most LST applications use multiple repeatedly measured observed variables as indicators…
Descriptors: Psychological Studies, Simulation, Measurement, Error of Measurement
Ludtke, Oliver; Marsh, Herbert W.; Robitzsch, Alexander; Trautwein, Ulrich – Psychological Methods, 2011
In multilevel modeling, group-level variables (L2) for assessing contextual effects are frequently generated by aggregating variables from a lower level (L1). A major problem of contextual analyses in the social sciences is that there is no error-free measurement of constructs. In the present article, 2 types of error occurring in multilevel data…
Descriptors: Simulation, Educational Psychology, Social Sciences, Measurement
