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Killeen, Peter R. – Psychological Review, 2009
Goods remote in temporal, spatial, or social distance, or in likelihood, exert less control over our behavior than those more proximate. The decay of influence with distance, of perennial interest to behavioral economists, has had a renaissance in the study of delay discounting. By developing discount functions from marginal utilities, this…
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Probability, Behavioral Science Research, Influences
Rouder, Jeffrey N.; Morey, Richard D. – Psychological Review, 2009
Following G. T. Fechner (1966), thresholds have been conceptualized as the amount of intensity needed to transition between mental states, such as between a states of unconsciousness and consciousness. With the advent of the theory of signal detection, however, discrete-state theory and the corresponding notion of threshold have been discounted.…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Probability, Item Response Theory, Cognitive Processes
Jozefowiez, J.; Staddon, J. E. R.; Cerutti, D. T. – Psychological Review, 2009
The authors propose a simple behavioral economic model (BEM) describing how reinforcement and interval timing interact. The model assumes a Weber-law-compliant logarithmic representation of time. Associated with each represented time value are the payoffs that have been obtained for each possible response. At a given real time, the response with…
Descriptors: Intervals, Metacognition, Reinforcement, Time
Andrews, Mark; Vigliocco, Gabriella; Vinson, David – Psychological Review, 2009
The authors identify 2 major types of statistical data from which semantic representations can be learned. These are denoted as "experiential data" and "distributional data". Experiential data are derived by way of experience with the physical world and comprise the sensory-motor data obtained through sense receptors. Distributional data, by…
Descriptors: Semantics, Written Language, Statistical Distributions, Statistical Data
Brandstatter, Eduard; Gigerenzer, Gerd; Hertwig, Ralph – Psychological Review, 2006
Bernoulli's framework of expected utility serves as a model for various psychological processes, including motivation, moral sense, attitudes, and decision making. To account for evidence at variance with expected utility, the authors generalize the framework of fast and frugal heuristics from inferences to preferences. The priority heuristic…
Descriptors: Heuristics, Decision Making, Models, Psychological Patterns

Estes, William K. – Psychological Review, 1994
This essay introduces a series of studies developing a statistical theory of elementary learning processes. An attempt is made to derive relations among commonly used measures of behavior and quantitative expressions describing simple learning phenomena. Laws of the theory state probability relations between momentary changes in behavioral and…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavioral Science Research, Change, Conditioning