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Scheibehenne, Benjamin; Rieskamp, Jorg; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan – Psychological Review, 2013
Many theories of human cognition postulate that people are equipped with a repertoire of strategies to solve the tasks they face. This theoretical framework of a cognitive toolbox provides a plausible account of intra- and interindividual differences in human behavior. Unfortunately, it is often unclear how to rigorously test the toolbox…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Behavior, Models, Bayesian Statistics
Goodman, Noah D.; Ullman, Tomer D.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B. – Psychological Review, 2011
The very early appearance of abstract knowledge is often taken as evidence for innateness. We explore the relative learning speeds of abstract and specific knowledge within a Bayesian framework and the role for innate structure. We focus on knowledge about causality, seen as a domain-general intuitive theory, and ask whether this knowledge can be…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Logical Thinking, Cognitive Development, Bayesian Statistics
Dougherty, Michael R.; Thomas, Rick P. – Psychological Review, 2012
The authors propose a general modeling framework called the general monotone model (GeMM), which allows one to model psychological phenomena that manifest as nonlinear relations in behavior data without the need for making (overly) precise assumptions about functional form. Using both simulated and real data, the authors illustrate that GeMM…
Descriptors: Least Squares Statistics, Decision Making, Cognitive Development, Child Development
Nosofsky, Robert M.; Little, Daniel R.; Donkin, Christopher; Fific, Mario – Psychological Review, 2011
Exemplar-similarity models such as the exemplar-based random walk (EBRW) model (Nosofsky & Palmeri, 1997b) were designed to provide a formal account of multidimensional classification choice probabilities and response times (RTs). At the same time, a recurring theme has been to use exemplar models to account for old-new item recognition and to…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Classification, Probability, Cognitive Development
Tobin, Desiree D.; Menon, Meenakshi; Menon, Madhavi; Spatta, Brooke C.; Hodges, Ernest V. E.; Perry, David G. – Psychological Review, 2010
This article outlines a model of the structure and the dynamics of gender cognition in childhood. The model incorporates 3 hypotheses featured in different contemporary theories of childhood gender cognition and unites them under a single theoretical framework. Adapted from Greenwald et al. (2002), the model distinguishes three constructs: gender…
Descriptors: Sex Stereotypes, Children, Sexual Identity, Socialization
Berthier, Neil E.; Rosenstein, Michael T.; Barto, Andrew G. – Psychological Review, 2005
Current models of psychological development rely heavily on connectionist models that use supervised learning. These models adapt network weights when the network output does not match the target outputs computed by some agent. The authors present a model of motor learning in which the child uses exploration to discover appropriate ways of…
Descriptors: Psychology, Cognitive Development, Models, Simulation
Gibbs, John C. – Psychological Review, 2006
Krebs and Denton (2005; see record 2005-08166-005) proposed that Kohlberg's cognitive developmental approach to morality be replaced by a pragmatic approach more relevant to everyday social behavior and the cooperative moral orders of society. Although the Krebs and Denton article raises some legitimate questions, their proposal is at best…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Moral Values, Decision Making, Social Behavior
Krebs, Dennis L.; Denton, Kathy – Psychological Review, 2006
In response to Gibbs' (see record 2006-08257-011) defense of neo-Kohlbergian models of morality, the authors question whether revisions in Kohlberg's model constitute a coherent refinement of the cognitive-developmental approach. The authors argue that neo-Kohlbergian measures of moral development assess an aspect of morality (the most…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Ethics, Models, Moral Development
Krebs, Dennis L.; Denton, Kathy – Psychological Review, 2005
In this article, the authors evaluate L. Kohlberg's (1984) cognitive-developmental approach to morality, find it wanting, and introduce a more pragmatic approach. They review research designed to evaluate Kohlberg's model, describe how they revised the model to accommodate discrepant findings, and explain why they concluded that it is poorly…
Descriptors: Ethics, Criticism, Models, Decision Making

Brainerd, Charles J. – Psychological Review, 1981
The development of probability judgment is explained in terms of working memory, composed of four types of storage operations and three types of processing operations. Age changes in probability judgment were related to changes in frequency retrieval, which stem from changes in constraints on work-space capacity. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Early Childhood Education, Foreign Countries

Howe, Mark L.; And Others – Psychological Review, 1993
A critical evaluation of the use of stochastic independence in psychological research is provided, considering (1) confirming the null hypothesis; (2) power of the statistical test; (3) Simpson's paradox; and (4) between-subjects and within-subject correlations. The importance of formal models in studying (in)dependence is emphasized. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Correlation

van Geert, Paul – Psychological Review, 1991
A conceptual framework of cognitive growth is sketched and a mathematical model of cognitive growth is presented with the conclusion that the most plausible model is a model of logistic growth with delayed feedback. The model is transformed into a dynamic systems model based on the logistic-growth equation. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Developmental Psychology, Feedback, Heuristics

Keil, Frank C. – Psychological Review, 1981
A view of cognitive development emphasizing the formal properties of cognitive structures and processes that remain invariant throughout development is described. Cognitive development is guided by complex sets of constraints, specific sets are tailored for particular cognitive domains, and constraints limit the class of naturally learnable…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Developmental Stages

Goldin-Meadow, Susan; And Others – Psychological Review, 1993
A model of the sources and consequences of mismatches between gestures and speech is presented that argues that the transitional knowledge state is the source of the mismatch and that such mismatches signal that a child is in a transitional state of concept acquisition and is ready to learn. (SLD)
Descriptors: Body Language, Child Development, Children, Cognitive Development
Schoner, Gregor; Thelen, Esther – Psychological Review, 2006
Much of what psychologists know about infant perception and cognition is based on habituation, but the process itself is still poorly understood. Here the authors offer a dynamic field model of infant visual habituation, which simulates the known features of habituation, including familiarity and novelty effects, stimulus intensity effects, and…
Descriptors: Infants, Habituation, Psychologists, Visual Perception
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