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Stroebe, Wolfgang; van Koningsbruggen, Guido M.; Papies, Esther K.; Aarts, Henk – Psychological Review, 2013
Theories of eating regulation often attribute overweight to a malfunction of homeostatic regulation of body weight. With the goal conflict model of eating, we present a new perspective that attributes the difficulty of chronic dieters (i.e., restrained eaters) in regulating their food intake to a conflict between 2 incompatible goals--namely,…
Descriptors: Behavior Theories, Body Weight, Nutrition, Eating Habits
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Richman, Laura Smart; Leary, Mark R. – Psychological Review, 2009
This article describes a new model that provides a framework for understanding people's reactions to threats to social acceptance and belonging as they occur in the context of diverse phenomena such as rejection, discrimination, ostracism, betrayal, and stigmatization. People's immediate reactions are quite similar across different forms of…
Descriptors: Rejection (Psychology), Social Discrimination, Social Isolation, Responses
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Heckhausen, Jutta; Wrosch, Carsten; Schulz, Richard – Psychological Review, 2010
This article had four goals. First, the authors identified a set of general challenges and questions that a life-span theory of development should address. Second, they presented a comprehensive account of their Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. They integrated the model of optimization in primary and secondary control and the…
Descriptors: Motivation, Individual Development, Research Needs, Models
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Verguts, Tom; Notebaert, Wim – Psychological Review, 2008
The conflict monitoring model of M. M. Botvinick, T. S. Braver, D. M. Barch, C. S. Carter, and J. D. Cohen (2001) triggered several research programs investigating various aspects of cognitive control. One problematic aspect of the Botvinick et al. model is that there is no clear account of how the cognitive system knows where to intervene when…
Descriptors: Conflict, Models, Behavior Theories, Self Control
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Sherman, Jeffrey W.; Gawronski, Bertram; Gonsalkorale, Karen; Hugenberg, Kurt; Allen, Thomas J.; Groom, Carla J. – Psychological Review, 2008
The distinction between automatic processes and controlled processes is a central organizational theme across areas of psychology. However, this dichotomy conceals important differences among qualitatively different processes that independently contribute to ongoing behavior. The Quadruple process model is a multinomial model that provides…
Descriptors: Response Style (Tests), Psychology, Responses, Models
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Wood, Wendy; Neal, David T. – Psychological Review, 2007
The present model outlines the mechanisms underlying habitual control of responding and the ways in which habits interface with goals. Habits emerge from the gradual learning of associations between responses and the features of performance contexts that have historically covaried with them (e.g., physical settings, preceding actions). Once a…
Descriptors: Cues, Habit Formation, Objectives, Association (Psychology)