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Brady, Timothy F.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B. – Psychological Review, 2013
When remembering a real-world scene, people encode both detailed information about specific objects and higher order information like the overall gist of the scene. However, formal models of change detection, like those used to estimate visual working memory capacity, assume observers encode only a simple memory representation that includes no…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Change, Identification
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Orhan, A. Emin; Jacobs, Robert A. – Psychological Review, 2013
Experimental evidence suggests that the content of a memory for even a simple display encoded in visual short-term memory (VSTM) can be very complex. VSTM uses organizational processes that make the representation of an item dependent on the feature values of all displayed items as well as on these items' representations. Here, we develop a…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Cognitive Processes, Bias
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Simione, Luca; Raffone, Antonino; Wolters, Gezinus; Salmas, Paola; Nakatani, Chie; Belardinelli, Marta Olivetti; van Leeuwen, Cees – Psychological Review, 2012
Two separate lines of study have clarified the role of selectivity in conscious access to visual information. Both involve presenting multiple targets and distracters: one "simultaneously" in a spatially distributed fashion, the other "sequentially" at a single location. To understand their findings in a unified framework, we propose a…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Eye Movements
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Mavritsaki, Eirini; Heinke, Dietmar; Allen, Harriet; Deco, Gustavo; Humphreys, Glyn W. – Psychological Review, 2011
We present the case for a role of biologically plausible neural network modeling in bridging the gap between physiology and behavior. We argue that spiking-level networks can allow "vertical" translation between physiological properties of neural systems and emergent "whole-system" performance--enabling psychological results to be simulated from…
Descriptors: Attention, Visual Perception, Physiology, Behavior
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Jans, Bert; Peters, Judith C.; De Weerd, Peter – Psychological Review, 2010
A growing number of studies claim that spatial attention can be split "on demand" into several, segregated foci of enhanced processing. Intrigued by the theoretical ramifications of this proposal, we analyzed 19 relevant sets of experiments using four methodological criteria. We typically found several methodological limitations in each study that…
Descriptors: Models, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Attention
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Caligiore, Daniele; Borghi, Anna M.; Parisi, Domenico; Baldassarre, Gianluca – Psychological Review, 2010
Perceiving objects activates the representation of their affordances. For example, experiments on compatibility effects showed that categorizing objects by producing certain handgrips (power or precision) is faster if the requested responses are compatible with the affordance elicited by the size of objects (e.g., small or large). The article…
Descriptors: Brain, Neurological Organization, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time
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Nosofsky, Robert M.; Little, Daniel R.; Donkin, Christopher; Fific, Mario – Psychological Review, 2011
Exemplar-similarity models such as the exemplar-based random walk (EBRW) model (Nosofsky & Palmeri, 1997b) were designed to provide a formal account of multidimensional classification choice probabilities and response times (RTs). At the same time, a recurring theme has been to use exemplar models to account for old-new item recognition and to…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Classification, Probability, Cognitive Development
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Thomaschke, Roland; Hopkins, Brian; Miall, R. Christopher – Psychological Review, 2012
Previous research on dual-tasks has shown that, under some circumstances, actions impair the perception of action-consistent stimuli, whereas, under other conditions, actions facilitate the perception of action-consistent stimuli. We propose a new model to reconcile these contrasting findings. The planning and control model (PCM) of motorvisual…
Descriptors: Priming, Visual Stimuli, Spatial Ability, Vocational Education
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Nuthmann, Antje; Smith, Tim J.; Engbert, Ralf; Henderson, John M. – Psychological Review, 2010
Eye-movement control during scene viewing can be represented as a series of individual decisions about where and when to move the eyes. While substantial behavioral and computational research has been devoted to investigating the placement of fixations in scenes, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that control fixation durations.…
Descriptors: Simulation, Programming, Cognitive Processes, Visual Stimuli
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Smith, Philip L.; Ratcliff, Roger – Psychological Review, 2009
The simplest attentional task, detecting a cued stimulus in an otherwise empty visual field, produces complex patterns of performance. Attentional cues interact with backward masks and with spatial uncertainty, and there is a dissociation in the effects of these variables on accuracy and on response time. A computational theory of performance in…
Descriptors: Theories, Attention, Decision Making, Visual Perception
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Albert, Marc K. – Psychological Review, 2008
M. Singh and B. L. Anderson proposed a perceptual theory of achromatic transparency in which the perceived transmittance of a perceived transparent filter is determined by the ratio of the Michelson contrast seen in the region of transparency to that of the background seen directly. Subsequently, B. L. Anderson, M. Singh, and J. Meng proposed that…
Descriptors: Theories, Perception, Cognitive Processes, Surface Structure
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Albert, Marc K. – Psychological Review, 2008
All of the data reported in Robilotto, Khang, and Zaidi (2002) Robilotto and Zaidi (2004), and Singh and Anderson (2002) are consistent with Robilotto and Zaidi's theory that perceived transparency (or opacity) is determined by the perceived contrast of the filter region. Kasrai and Kingdom's (2001) results also appear largely consistent with the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Surface Structure, Visual Learning, Visual Perception
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Hermens, Frouke; Luksys, Gediminas; Gerstner, Wulfram; Herzog, Michael H.; Ernst, Udo – Psychological Review, 2008
Visual backward masking is a versatile tool for understanding principles and limitations of visual information processing in the human brain. However, the mechanisms underlying masking are still poorly understood. In the current contribution, the authors show that a structurally simple mathematical model can explain many spatial and temporal…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Visual Perception, Brain, Information Processing
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Lu, Zhong-Lin; Dosher, Barbara Anne – Psychological Review, 2008
External noise methods and observer models have been widely used to characterize the intrinsic perceptual limitations of human observers and changes of the perceptual limitations associated with cognitive, developmental, and disease processes by highlighting the variance of internal representations. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Experiments, Visual Perception, Cognitive Measurement
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Anderson, Barton L. – Psychological Review, 2007
There has been a growing interest in understanding the computations involved in the processes underlying visual segmentation and interpolation in conditions of occlusion. P. J. Kellman, P. Garrigan, T. F. Shipley, and B. P. Keane and M. K. Albert defended the view that identical contour interpolation mechanisms underlie modal and amodal…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Phenomenology, Lighting, Models
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