The effects of two types of self-determined reinforcement contingencies on children's test performances were investigated and compared to each other and to externally determined contingencies. Suggested that self-management that includes self-determined contingencies of reinforcement procedures may provide useful techniques. (Author)

Elementary teachers were observed for frequency they modeled self-praise for students and taught students to praise and evaluate themselves. Measures of student self-concept, anxiety, and achievement responsibility were taken at end of year. Teacher modeling self-praise and teacher encouragement to praise were best predictors of self-concept.…