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Tijmstra, Jesper; Hessen, David J.; van der Heijden, Peter G. M.; Sijtsma, Klaas – Psychometrika, 2013
Most dichotomous item response models share the assumption of latent monotonicity, which states that the probability of a positive response to an item is a nondecreasing function of a latent variable intended to be measured. Latent monotonicity cannot be evaluated directly, but it implies manifest monotonicity across a variety of observed scores,…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Statistical Inference, Probability, Psychometrics
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Draxler, Clemens – Psychometrika, 2010
This paper is concerned with supplementing statistical tests for the Rasch model so that additionally to the probability of the error of the first kind (Type I probability) the probability of the error of the second kind (Type II probability) can be controlled at a predetermined level by basing the test on the appropriate number of observations.…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Probability, Sample Size, Error of Measurement
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Culpepper, Steven Andrew – Psychometrika, 2012
The study of prediction bias is important and the last five decades include research studies that examined whether test scores differentially predict academic or employment performance. Previous studies used ordinary least squares (OLS) to assess whether groups differ in intercepts and slopes. This study shows that OLS yields inaccurate inferences…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Prediction, Measurement, Least Squares Statistics
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Warrens, Matthijs J. – Psychometrika, 2008
We discuss properties that association coefficients may have in general, e.g., zero value under statistical independence, and we examine coefficients for 2x2 tables with respect to these properties. Furthermore, we study a family of coefficients that are linear transformations of the observed proportion of agreement given the marginal…
Descriptors: Probability, Error of Measurement, Psychometrics, Measurement Techniques
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Haberman, Shelby J. – Psychometrika, 2006
When a simple random sample of size n is employed to establish a classification rule for prediction of a polytomous variable by an independent variable, the best achievable rate of misclassification is higher than the corresponding best achievable rate if the conditional probability distribution is known for the predicted variable given the…
Descriptors: Bias, Computation, Sample Size, Classification
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Hutchinson, J. Wesley; Mungale, Amitabh – Psychometrika, 1997
A nonmetric algorithm, pairwise partitioning, is developed to identify feature-based similarity structures. Presents theorems about the validity of the features identified by the algorithm, and reports results of Monte Carlo simulations that estimate the probabilities of identifying valid features for different feature structures and amounts of…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Identification