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Stahl, Katherine A. Dougherty – Reading Teacher, 2012
Challenging texts can be made accessible to students by increasing the level of instructional scaffolding. This article describes evidence-based models of shared reading that support reading development across the elementary years. Shared Reading Experience (Holdaway, 1982), Fluency-Oriented Reading Instruction (Stahl & Heubach, 2005),…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Reading Instruction, Models, Protocol Analysis
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Callow, Jon – Reading Teacher, 2008
This article examines assessment of students' visual literacy. In the context of current theory of multimodal texts, the author presents key features for visual literacy assessment and how this assessment might be undertaken. The article then proposes a set of principles and a framework for developing assessment tasks in authentic classroom…
Descriptors: Visual Literacy, Literacy, Models, Grade 3
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Ogle, Donna M. – Reading Teacher, 1986
Describes a three-step process to help teachers honor what children bring to each reading situation and to model for children the importance of accessing appropriate knowledge sources before reading. (FL)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Models, Nonfiction, Prior Learning
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Boyle, Owen F.; Peregoy, Suzanne F. – Reading Teacher, 1990
Defines the notion of literacy scaffold and explains why literacy scaffolding applies to both first- and second-language learners. Offers criteria for teachers to apply in developing scaffolds. Illustrates the model with scaffolding activities used with elementary children, emphasizing the kinds of social contexts that optimize learning. (MG)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, English (Second Language), Language Acquisition, Models