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Direct linkMarôco, João – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
Using hierarchical linear models, this study probes into student, family, teacher, and schools' variables that can explain the variation in Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2016 results. Students' confidence in reading, early literacy tasks, and parents' expectations are the strongest explanatory variables of reading…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Grade 4, International Assessment
