Publication Date
| In 2025 | 1 |
| Since 2024 | 1 |
| Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 2 |
| Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 2 |
| Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 3 |
Descriptor
| Difficulty Level | 3 |
| Grade 7 | 3 |
| Correlation | 2 |
| Grade 8 | 2 |
| Prediction | 2 |
| Word Frequency | 2 |
| Age Differences | 1 |
| Coding | 1 |
| Critical Reading | 1 |
| Decoding (Reading) | 1 |
| Elementary Schools | 1 |
| More ▼ | |
Source
| Reading and Writing: An… | 3 |
Author
| Beers, Scott F. | 1 |
| Heidi Anne E. Mesmer | 1 |
| Krepel, Alexander | 1 |
| Mulder, Evelien | 1 |
| Nagy, William E. | 1 |
| Segers, Eliane | 1 |
| Verhoeven, Ludo | 1 |
| de Bree, Elise H. | 1 |
| de Jong, Peter F. | 1 |
| van de Ven, Marco | 1 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 3 |
| Reports - Research | 3 |
| Tests/Questionnaires | 1 |
Education Level
| Grade 7 | 3 |
| Middle Schools | 3 |
| Elementary Education | 2 |
| Grade 8 | 2 |
| Junior High Schools | 2 |
| Secondary Education | 2 |
| Early Childhood Education | 1 |
| Grade 2 | 1 |
| Grade 3 | 1 |
| Grade 4 | 1 |
| Grade 5 | 1 |
| More ▼ | |
Audience
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkHeidi Anne E. Mesmer – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Many initiatives have emphasized the importance of challenging students in text using readability formulas. Almost all formulas employ mean word frequency yet long-standing issues abound. Researchers question using a singular mean with a skewed variable like frequency. They also question the degree to which frequency pinpoints complex words,…
Descriptors: Critical Reading, Word Frequency, Difficulty Level, Elementary Schools
Mulder, Evelien; van de Ven, Marco; Segers, Eliane; Krepel, Alexander; de Bree, Elise H.; de Jong, Peter F.; Verhoeven, Ludo – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
We assessed the relationship between word-to-text-integration (WTI) and reading comprehension in 7th grade students (n = 441) learning English as a second language (L2). The students performed a self-paced WTI reading task in Fall (T1) and Spring (T2), consisting of three text manipulation types (anaphora resolution, argument overlap, anomaly…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency
Beers, Scott F.; Nagy, William E. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2009
This study examined the relationship of different measures of syntactic complexity with rated quality for two genres of text produced by middle school students. It was hypothesized that different measures would be associated with distinct aspects of syntactic complexity; words per clause with greater use of structures more typical of expository…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Syntax, Essays, Grade 7
