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Katarzyna Patro; Antonia Gross; Claudia Friedrich – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Preschool children often confuse letters with their mirror images when they try to read and write. Mirror confusion seems to occur more often in line with the direction of script (e.g., left-to-right for the Latin alphabetic script), suggesting that the processing of letter orientation and text directionality may be interrelated in preliterate…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Beginning Reading, Reading Instruction
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
A brief experiment was designed to examine cognitive flexibility practice embedded in beginning phonics instruction for kindergarteners with limited early literacy learning. Previously tested phonics content included single- and high-frequency two-letter grapheme-phoneme correspondences (GPCs), introduced at a rate of 2-4 correspondences per week.…
Descriptors: Phonics, Alphabets, Cognitive Ability, Emergent Literacy
Farry-Thorn, Molly; Treiman, Rebecca – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2022
Children's early knowledge and skills set the stage for later reading development. The present studies examined children's conceptual knowledge of reading prior to formal literacy instruction. Young children's knowledge about who is able to read books and what readers are reading when they read books has been studied primarily through interviews.…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Preschool Children, Animals, Concept Formation
Brenda Aromu Wawire; Adrienne Elissa Barnes-Story; Xinya Liang; Benjamin Piper – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Many children living in linguistically diverse low- and middle-income countries learn to read and write in multiple languages. Recent research provides implications for effective reading instruction with multilingual learners (e.g., Hall et al. in New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 166:145-189, 2019). However, there is limited empirical evidence on…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Multilingualism, Reading Instruction, At Risk Students
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
Two experiments explored rates for introducing grapheme-phoneme correspondences (GPCs) and the types of correspondences taught for optimal alphabet and early literacy skills learning. In both studies, children entered with minimal alphabet knowledge and were randomly assigned within classrooms to one of two treatments delivered individually over…
Descriptors: Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Literacy Education, Kindergarten, Grade 1
Wolf, Beverly; Abbott, Robert D.; Berninger, Virginia W. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2017
In Study 1, the treatment group (N = 33 first graders, M = 6 years 10 months, 16 girls) received Slingerland multi-modal (auditory, visual, tactile, motor through hand, and motor through mouth) manuscript (unjoined) handwriting instruction embedded in systematic spelling, reading, and composing lessons; and the control group (N = 16 first graders,…
Descriptors: Handwriting, Writing Instruction, Grade 1, Elementary School Students
Martin, Katherine I. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2017
Orthographic knowledge, the general ability to learn, store, and use information about the orthographic form of words (Stanovich & West, 1989), is a crucial skill for supporting literacy. Although the development of first language (L1) orthographic awareness is impacted by the characteristics of a learner's L1 writing system, relatively little…
Descriptors: Orthographic Symbols, Knowledge Level, Literacy Education, English (Second Language)
Grimm, Ryan P.; Solari, Emily J.; Gerber, Michael M. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2018
This longitudinal study used latent growth curve modeling to investigate English literacy development in a sample of Spanish-speaking language minority students from third through eighth grade. This study also compared the sample's literacy development to the entire population of California students using state standardized test data. Second, this…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Hispanic American Students, Bilingual Students
Partanen, Marita; Siegel, Linda S. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2014
This study examined the longitudinal effects of an early literacy intervention in Kindergarten. A group of children completed reading and cognitive measures between Kindergarten (5-6 years old) and Grade 7 (12-13 years old). Our results showed that 22% of children were identified as at-risk for reading deficits in Kindergarten, but only 6% of…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Early Intervention, Literacy Education, Kindergarten