The rapid shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to equip future educators with essential skills for an online learning environment. This study aims to address this gap by developing and validating a scale to measure pre-service teacher competency in an online learning context using the scenario method. After a…

The study aimed to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale for Children with Disabilities (FRAS-CWD). Due to the complexity of family resilience and the particularity of disabilities, there is a lack of reliable and valid tools to evaluate family resilience for…

Academic procrastination, the tendency to delay academic tasks without reasonable justification, has significant implications for students' academic performance and overall well-being. To measure this construct, numerous scales have been developed, among which the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) has shown promise in assessing academic…

Critical thinking stands out as one of the most important cognitive abilities needed for effective adaptation to a knowledge-based society in the 21st century. Despite its significance, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the conceptual and methodological frameworks for measuring it. This study aimed to design and validate a comprehensive…

The study aimed to explore the Chinese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale suitable for gifted junior high school students and to classify the types of perfectionism. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was translated into Chinese to evaluate the factor structure and typology of academically gifted students in…

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the psychometric properties of the Learning Orientation Questionnaire (LOQ), which have not been previously published. Psychometric validation involves the accumulation of proper empirical evidence to confirm measurement of the intended construct, and to justify the intended uses of the…

Reading anxiety measures are newly available in English, but none is available in Arabic. The goals of the present study were to adapt the English Reading Anxiety in College Students (RACS) scale to Arabic-speaking college students (RACS-Arabic), evaluate its reliability and other psychometric properties in comparison to the English US sample, and…

This study aimed to develop and test a University Students' Perceptions of Physical Education (PE) Scale. The study was conducted in three phases in a southwestern city in China from December 2021 to October 2022. In Phase 1, an item pool was constructed based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews. In Phase 2, expert evaluations…

We have less time and focus than ever before, while the demand for attention is increasing. Therefore, it is no surprise that when answering questionnaires, we often choose to strongly agree or be neutral, producing problematic and unusable data. The current study investigated forced-choice (ipsative) format compared to the same questions on a…

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the emotional-style scale and explore different clusters of emotional styles. An emotional style scale was completed in three districts of western Taiwan using stratified random sampling. The study confirmed the reliability and convergent validity of each subscale in a sample of 712…

As the integration of digital technologies continues to shape academic landscapes, assessing digital literacy in the context of academic writing becomes paramount. Several instruments and frameworks are available for measuring digital literacy and examining it from different perspectives; however, none are suitable for measuring the digital…

The Achievement Goal Theory has been commonly used in the literature and the relation between the goal orientation construct and aspects of athletes' personality and well-being is an important element to be considered in the sports field. The objectives of this study were: (i) to confirm the reliability, factorial invariance and existence of…

In order to investigate the influence of separation of grade distributions and ratio of common items on the precision of vertical scaling, this simulation study chooses common item design and first grade as base grade. There are four grades with 1,000 students each to take part in a test which has 100 items. Monte Carlo simulation method is used…

Writing motivation is a multidimensional construct that has been demonstrated to be of great importance in writing performance and growth. Yet, much of the extant research has failed to examine the nuances of the various dimensions of writing motivation--in particular, task competency beliefs--and has neglected to investigate how the various…

Students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in Saudi Arabia are provided with the educational services they need in their local schools, but a standardized checklist is needed to measure the level of progress and the benefits acquired through the educational programs. This study aimed to standardize a version of Saudi performance norms on the…