The teacher of mathematics or science must be aware of the concepts, facts, and generalizations of his field, of psychological principles of learning, and of teaching methods. Methods appropriate to the teaching of concepts differ from methods for teaching generalizations. (SD)

This study investigated whether there was a difference in achievement by first graders between their ability to solve open sentences presented in vertical form and in horizontal form. It was recommended that the horizontal form be avoided in grades one and two. (MP)

Traditional methods of teaching addition include algorithms that involve right-to-left procedures. This article describes efficient procedures for left-to-right addition and subtraction involving computation and computational estimation that reflect children's natural behaviors observed during activities with unifix cubes. (MDH)