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Funkhouse, Charles – School Science and Mathematics, 1993
Inservice teachers (n=180) participating in seven mathematical problem-solving workshops were asked to define problem solving. An item analysis of the written responses indicated that 67% of the responses were conceptually or terminologically vague. Precise definitions fell into three categories: strategy-based (12%), skills-based (9%), and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Structures, Definitions, Elementary School Teachers

Brown, Sue – School Science and Mathematics, 1992
Presents results of 46 randomly selected children's performance measurement and partitive division problems when remainders are zero, nonzero but not used in the solution, and nonzero and used in the solution. Results indicate that children demonstrate an understanding of division prior to formal instruction. (MDH)
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Tests, Division

Barba, Robertta H.; Rubba, Peter A. – School Science and Mathematics, 1992
Proposes the use of procedural task analysis as a tool to assess a person's mental processes during problem solving in science education research. Uses transcriptions of videotape or audiotape problem-solving sessions to identify students' knowledge structures and misconceptions. (MDH)
Descriptors: Audiotape Recordings, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Educational Diagnosis

Meichtry, Yvonne J. – School Science and Mathematics, 1992
Describes three perspectives from which middle school teachers can plan laboratory activities for the purpose of improving students' scientific literacy. Perspectives are the learning cycle approach categorizing activities by stages of development; problem-solving skills approach categorizing activities according to the amount of teacher control;…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Style, Developmental Stages