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Direct linkBo Chen; Yufeng Xu; Huinan Liu; Sihui Huang – Science & Education, 2024
This paper aimed to investigate how the diversity of scientific methods is represented in practical items of college entrance examinations from three science subjects in China. The study was conducted based on the theoretical framework derived from Brandon's Matrix consisting of four types of scientific methods. National Papers for comprehensive…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Entrance Examinations, Science Education, Scientific Methodology
Rola Khishfe – Science & Education, 2025
The study examined preservice teachers' development in conceptions of NOS and their argumentation components using an explicit approach that targets NOS and argumentation. Participants were 20 preservice elementary teachers enrolled in a science methods course emphasizing explicit instruction of NOS and argumentation through various hands-on…
Descriptors: Science Teachers, Scientific Attitudes, Knowledge Level, Scientific Principles
Huinan Liu; Bo Chen; Sihui Huang; Songting Yao; Wenqi Zhao; Ziyin Li – Science & Education, 2025
The diversity of scientific methods has received widespread attention and recognition in recent years. Brandon's Matrix illustrated four categories of scientific methods, which was applied to establish the analytical framework of this study. This paper adopted content analysis to investigate how the diversity of scientific methods is represented…
Descriptors: Science Education, Chemistry, Scientific Methodology, Foreign Countries
