Promoting understanding of the epistemologies of science has long been the primary objective in science education, and can be viewed as a form of science learning outcome. Many studies have attempted to understand learners' conceptions of epistemology in science from various perspectives and methods; however, no recent reviews have focused on the…

This review examines 105 empirical studies that investigate students' views of the nature of science (VNOS), effects of curricular interventions on changing students' VNOS, and relations between VNOS and demographics, majors, and learning of science. The reviewed studies can be categorized into three theoretical frameworks: the unidimension, the…

Considers what level of understanding of the nature of science students should experience to become both intelligent consumers of scientific information and effective citizens. Proposes that most precollege teachers should attempt to teach students how to use scientific descriptors to judge the relative merits of knowledge claims instead of…

Proposes four formulations of the commonplaces of science based on distinct views of the nature of science, and explores the consequences of each. Argues that although each formulation has strengths, some commonplaces prove more comprehensive than others in capturing the essence of science for the purposes of developing curriculum, educating…

Teaching science is justified by linking scientific ways of thinking with the advancement of democratic society. Claims that science education must reflect the ways in which the theories and practices of science are constrained by the real world. Presents three goals of science education that can help defend it from antiscientific criticisms.…