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Kind, Per Morten – Science Education, 2013
The paper analyzes conceptualizations in the science frameworks in three large-scale assessments, Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The assessments have a shared history, but have developed different conceptualizations. The…
Descriptors: Science Curriculum, Science Instruction, Standardized Tests, Student Evaluation