Nonreactive measures for testing students' achievement comprised of questions that ask students to apply procedures, concepts, and facts to real situations. An attempt was made to use such questions in junior high school science classes. These tests provided more diagnostic information than was usually available from normal classroom tests. (PS)

One of the four guiding principles of the National Science Education Standards is simply "science for all students" (NRC 1996). This principle underscores the belief that all students, regardless of race, gender, or disability, should have the opportunity to learn and understand the essential science content described in the Standards. Because of…