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Cunnings, Ian; Fujita, Hiroki – Second Language Research, 2023
Relative clauses have long been examined in research on first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition and processing, and a large body of research has shown that object relative clauses (e.g. 'The boy that the girl saw') are more difficult to process than subject relative clauses (e.g. 'The boy that saw the girl'). Although there are different…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Eye Movements, Task Analysis
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Megan M. Dailey; Camille Straboni; Sharon Peperkamp – Second Language Research, 2024
During spoken word processing, native (L1) listeners use allophonic variation to predictively rule out word competitors and speed up word recognition. There is some evidence that second language (L2) learners develop an awareness of allophonic distributions in their L2, but whether they use their knowledge to facilitate word recognition online,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Word Recognition, Language Variation, Native Language
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Mitsugi, Sanako – Second Language Research, 2022
This study examines whether second language (L2) learners predict upcoming language prior to the verb in Japanese. Taking the dependency involving negative polarity adverbs -- "zenzen" 'at all' and "amari" '(not) very' -- as a test case, this study examined whether Japanese native speakers and L2 learners of Japanese, aided by…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Form Classes (Languages), Prediction, Verbs
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Marisa Nagano; Gita Martohardjono – Second Language Research, 2024
Research on second language (L2) pronoun use in null-argument languages has traditionally focused on whether or not a speaker's first language (L1) also allows null pronouns. However, recent studies have pointed out that it is equally important to consider the specific linguistic properties of overt pronouns in the L1 and L2, which may differ even…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Native Language, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning
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Lijewska, Agnieszka – Second Language Research, 2023
The current study investigated how the processing of triple cognates (words sharing form and meaning across three languages) is modulated by the semantic bias of sentence context in a reading task. In the study, Polish-German-English trilinguals read English sentences while their eye movements were monitored. The sentences were either semantically…
Descriptors: Semantics, Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Second Language Learning
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Hopp, Holger; Grüter, Theres – Second Language Research, 2023
In two visual-world eye-tracking experiments, we explore the extent to which conflicting first-language (L1) based grammatical parses influence second-language (L2) learners' on-line and off-line interpretation of sentences in the L2. We used cross-linguistic structural priming to potentially boost competition from the L1 grammar during the…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Grammar
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Godfroid, Aline; Winke, Paula; Conklin, Kathy – Second Language Research, 2020
In this paper, we review how eye tracking, which offers millisecond-precise information about how language learners orient their visual attention, can be used to investigate a variety of processes involved in the multifaceted endeavor of second language acquisition (SLA). In particular, we review the last 15 years of research in SLA, in which…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Eye Movements, Language Processing, Language Research
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Henry, Nick; Jackson, Carrie N.; Hopp, Holger – Second Language Research, 2022
This article explores how multiple linguistic cues interact in predictive processing among second language (L2) learners. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, we investigated whether learners of German use case and prosody cues together to assign thematic roles and predict post-verbal arguments. During the experiment, participants listened…
Descriptors: Cues, Phrase Structure, German, Language Processing
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Perdomo, Michelle; Kaan, Edith – Second Language Research, 2021
Listeners interpret cues in speech processing immediately rather than waiting until the end of a sentence. In particular, prosodic cues in auditory speech processing can aid listeners in building information structure and contrast sets. Native speakers even use this information in combination with syntactic and semantic information to build mental…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Intonation, Suprasegmentals, Language Processing
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Ling, Wenyi; Grüter, Theres – Second Language Research, 2022
Successful listening in a second language (L2) involves learning to identify the relevant acoustic-phonetic dimensions that differentiate between words in the L2, and then use these cues to access lexical representations during real-time comprehension. This is a particularly challenging goal to achieve when the relevant acoustic-phonetic…
Descriptors: Intonation, Second Language Learning, Mandarin Chinese, Word Recognition
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Safak, Duygu Fatma; Hopp, Holger – Second Language Research, 2022
To pinpoint difficulties in the second language (L2) processing of temporarily ambiguous sentences, this study investigates first language (L1) effects and effects of verb bias, i.e. frequency information about preferential verb complements, on semantic persistence effects in L2 sentence comprehension. We tested 32 L1 German and 32 L1 Turkish…
Descriptors: Verbs, Semantics, Second Language Learning, Language Processing
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Jessen, Anna; Felser, Claudia – Second Language Research, 2019
The present study used event related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how native (L1) German-speaking second-language (L2) learners of English process sentences containing filler-gap dependencies such as "Bill liked the house (women) that Bob built some ornaments for __ at his workplace." Using an experimental design which allowed us to…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Verbs, Native Language, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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López-Beltrán, Priscila; Johns, Michael A.; Dussias, Paola E.; Lozano, Cristóbal; Palma, Alfonso – Second Language Research, 2022
Traditionally, it has been claimed that the non-canonical word order of passives makes them inherently more difficult to comprehend than their canonical active counterparts both in the first (L1) and second language (L2). However, growing evidence suggests that non-canonical word orders are not inherently more difficult to process than canonical…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Word Order, Form Classes (Languages), Native Language
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Fernandez, Leigh; Höhle, Barbara; Brock, Jon; Nickels, Lyndsey – Second Language Research, 2018
According to the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH), second language (L2) speakers, unlike native speakers, build shallow syntactic representations during sentence processing. In order to test the SSH, this study investigated the processing of a syntactic movement in both native speakers of English and proficient late L2 speakers of English using…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Auditory Perception, Native Speakers, Second Language Learning
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Vainio, Seppo; Pajunen, Anneli; Hyönä, Jukka – Second Language Research, 2016
This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) on the reading of modifier-head case agreement in second language (L2) Finnish by native Russian and Chinese speakers. Russian is similar to Finnish in that both languages use case endings to mark grammatical roles, whereas such markings are absent in Chinese. The critical nouns were…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Russian, Chinese, Foreign Students
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