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Cabrelli, Jennifer; Puig-Mayenco, Eloi – Second Language Research, 2021
When we think of the debates surrounding linguistic transfer in L3 acquisition, one of the most prominent discussions concerns whether transfer occurs in a wholesale fashion or whether it is property-by-property. One such model is the Linguistic Proximity Model (LPM, Mykhaylyk et al., 2015; Westergaard et al., 2017; Westergaard, 2021), which…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Transfer of Training, Native Language
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Lilong Xu; Boping Yuan – Second Language Research, 2024
This study investigates whether there are different first-language-second-language (L1-L2) dependency resolutions by focusing on less-studied crosslinguistic variances in L2 acquisition of Chinese, a null-subject language, by speakers of English, a non-null-subject language. The overt subject pronoun of a Chinese main clause has free orientation…
Descriptors: Cues, Chinese, Phrase Structure, English
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Ionin, Tania – Second Language Research, 2021
This commentary discusses the recent keynote article in "Second Language Research" by Westergaard (2021), which extends the Micro-cue Model to second language (L2) and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary comments on such questions as: What makes a given property easy or hard to acquire? How do learners determine similarity?…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
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Grüter, Theres – Second Language Research, 2021
In this commentary, I suggest that it may be helpful to think about the formidable problem space that Westergaard's (2021) Linguistic Proximity Model seeks to address at the three levels of analysis that Marr (1982) famously proposed are needed to understand any complex cognitive system. I argue that at the computational level of analysis, where…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Native Language
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Pallotti, Gabriele – Second Language Research, 2022
Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) has received considerable attention over the last decades, inspiring a number of second language acquisition studies. This article examines the research from a critical epistemological point of view, starting from the Greek philosopher Cratylus, who concluded that remaining silent is the only way to be…
Descriptors: Systems Approach, Second Language Learning, Linguistic Theory, Epistemology
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Yang, Yuxiao; Chen, Xiaoxiang; Xiao, Qi – Second Language Research, 2022
This study investigated the role of cross-linguistic similarity in the acquisition of Russian initial stop contrasts by Chinese learners, addressing two specific research questions: (1) How similar are Russian voiced stops to Mandarin stops for Chinese learners?; and (2) How can the speech learning model (SLM) be applied to account for the…
Descriptors: Russian, Contrastive Linguistics, Phonemes, Mandarin Chinese
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Sung, Min-Chang; Kim, Hyunwoo – Second Language Research, 2022
How strongly a verb is associated with a construction plays a crucial role in the learning of argument structure constructions. We examined the effect of verb-construction association strength on second language (L2) constructional generalization by analysing L2 learners' production and comprehension of two complex constructions (i.e. ditransitive…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Verbs, Generalization, Task Analysis
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Hicks, Glyn; Domínguez, Laura – Second Language Research, 2020
This article proposes a formal model of the human language faculty that accommodates the possibility of 'attrition' (modification or loss) of morphosyntactic properties in a first language. Modeling L1 grammatical attrition entails a quite fundamental paradox: if the structure of the language faculty in principle allows for attrition of…
Descriptors: Grammar, Native Language, Language Skill Attrition, Models
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Archibald, John – Second Language Research, 2021
There are several theories which tackle predicting the source of third language (L3) crosslinguistic influence. The two orthogonal questions that arise are which language is most likely to influence the L3 and whether the influence will be wholesale or piecemeal (property-by-property). To my mind, Westergaard's Linguistic Proximity Model (LPM) is…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Transfer of Training, Cues, Linguistic Theory
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Stringer, David – Second Language Research, 2021
Westergaard (2021) presents an updated account of the Linguistic Proximity Model and the micro-cue approach to the parser as an acquisition device. The property-by-property view of transfer inherent in this approach contrasts with other influential models that assume that third language (L3) acquisition involves the creation of a full copy of only…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism
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Schwartz, Geoffrey – Second Language Research, 2020
This article discusses the implications of phonological representation for the study of L2 speech acquisition. It is argued, on the basis of empirical findings from diverse phenomena in L2 phonology, that refined representations in which 'segments' have internal prosodic structure offer a more insightful view of cross-linguistic phonetic…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Speech Communication, Intonation, Suprasegmentals
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Flynn, Suzanne – Second Language Research, 2021
This provocative article raises many important issues that need to be addressed and in so doing will advance the fields of second language (L2) and third language (L3) acquisition in several important ways. Fundamental questions concerning multilingual development persist especially with respect to the role of Universal Grammar in this language…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
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González Alonso, Jorge; Rothman, Jason – Second Language Research, 2021
In this commentary to Westergaard (2021), we focus on two main questions. The first, and most important, is what type of L3 data may be construed as supporting evidence--as opposed to a compatible outcome--for the Linguistic Proximity Model. In this regard, we highlight a number of areas in which it remains difficult to derive testable predictions…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
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Morales-Front, Alfonso; Sanz, Cristina – Second Language Research, 2021
Saussure proposed the division language/parole and argued that language can be studied as a formal system. Fifty years later Chomsky declared competence the core interest of linguistics. Although for years Generative second language acquisition (GenSLA) has adopted this view, a number of recent publications poke holes into the competence bubble.…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Transfer of Training, Second Language Learning, Native Language
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Schwartz, Bonnie D.; Sprouse, Rex A. – Second Language Research, 2021
In her keynote article advocating the Linguistic Proximity Model for third language (L3) acquisition, Westergaard (2021) presents several arguments against 'copying and restructuring' in nonnative language acquisition, mechanisms central to Schwartz and Sprouse's (1996) Full Transfer/Full Access model of second language (L2) acquisition. In this…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Transfer of Training
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