Argues that France, like the United States, has a dual system of higher education and that class dominance of this system has been assured by governmental policy using the ideology of equality of opportunity to legitimate that dominance. (Author/AM)

Reviews the two most prominent methodological procedures used in the study of elites: social background investigations and decision making analyses. Neither of these methodologies when used alone can resolve the power structure debate and two research strategies are offered in an attempt to cast new light on the controversy. (Author/AM)

Develops and contrasts two approaches: the ghettos as a colony and blacks as a marginal working class; each is compared with the more familiar concerned liberal" analysis. (JM)

An adaptational perspective is supported over either a cultural or a situational perspective with respect to the study of social classes. The proposed perspective is said to consider the features and processes of class culture. (AM)