The growing demand for more services that are effective, accountable, and responsive to the consumer calls for a new training design for workers in the human services. A comparison of training for pilots and plumbers suggests a basic technique for this design. (Author)

Two concepts--"Smother Love" and "Tough Love"--were used successfully in a training program for senior citizens preparing to become companions to hospital patients. This dependent versus interdependent framework enables the helpers to establish constructive relationships with patients. (SJL)