Background: Special education services are individualized supports provided to students with disabilities (SWD) that should help them make appropriate educational progress given their abilities, educational needs, and goals (Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District, 2017). Concerns about the benefits of these services have emerged given the…

As evidence-based reform becomes increasingly important in educational policy, it is becoming essential to understand how research design might contribute to reported effect sizes in experiments evaluating educational programs. The purpose of this study was to examine how methodological features such as types of publication, sample sizes, and…