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Xinya Liang2
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The Impact of Ignoring Cross-Loadings on the Sensitivity of Fit Measures in Measurement Invariance Testing
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Chunhua Cao; Xinya Liang – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
Cross-loadings are common in multiple-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) but often ignored in measurement invariance testing. This study examined the impact of ignoring cross-loadings on the sensitivity of fit measures (CFI, RMSEA, SRMR, SRMRu, AIC, BIC, SaBIC, LRT) to measurement noninvariance. The manipulated design factors included the…
Descriptors: Goodness of Fit, Error of Measurement, Sample Size, Factor Analysis
Sensitivity of Fit Measures to Lack of Measurement Invariance in Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
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Chunhua Cao; Xinya Liang – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) allows for the estimation of all cross-loadings, which leads to the number of parameters estimated substantially greater than that in conventional SEM. This study examined the sensitivity of fit measures (CFI, RMSEA, AIC, BIC, SaBIC, LRT) to measurement noninvariance in ESEM. Results suggested that…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Error of Measurement, Computation, Goodness of Fit