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Ioannidou, Mary Koutselini – Studies in Educational Evaluation, 1997
Student achievement was compared for open-book and closed-book examinations taken by 72 college students in Cyprus. There were no significant differences in total examination score between the two types of tests, although those who took the closed-book examination had slightly higher scores. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, College Students, Educational Testing, Foreign Countries

Long, H. A. – Studies in Educational Evaluation, 1985
Changes in Scotland's curriculum have led to changes in student testing. A system of grade-related criteria has been developed--descriptions of expected performance in key aspects of a subject at different grade levels. (GDC)
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Criterion Referenced Tests, Curriculum Development, Educational Assessment