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Adult Learning1
Analysis of Covariance1
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Studies in Second Language…1
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The Interaction between Type of Contact and Type of Instruction: Some Effects on the L2 Proficiency of Adult Learners.
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Spada, Nina – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1986
Forty-eight adult learners from three intermediate-level ESL classes participated in a study investigating the effects that differences in learners' out-of-class contact with the second language might have on proficiency. Results indicated that learners' informal contact interacted with differences in instruction to produce variation in…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Analysis of Covariance, Class Activities, Classroom Environment