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Pica, Teresa; Doughty, Catherine – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1985
Describes a study which investigated and described the linguistic input and conversational interaction found in English as a second language classrooms when small groups of students work together. The results are compared with classroom activities in which the students participate as a class in teacher-directed lessons. (SED)
Descriptors: Class Activities, Classroom Communication, Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language)
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Spada, Nina – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1986
Forty-eight adult learners from three intermediate-level ESL classes participated in a study investigating the effects that differences in learners' out-of-class contact with the second language might have on proficiency. Results indicated that learners' informal contact interacted with differences in instruction to produce variation in…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Analysis of Covariance, Class Activities, Classroom Environment