Considers two variables inherent in the rating scale development process: scale developers and the sample performances used by the scale developers. Examined the development and use of scales using two samples of English-as-a-Second-Language student writing and three teams of rating scale developers to construct three empirically derived scales.…

Offers a critical review of arguments for and against T-unit analysis in second language research. Maintains that T-unit length is a valid measure of syntactic complexity and a true index of overall development in second language acquisition. (PMJ)

Investigates differences in the evaluation of text-responsible (TR) writing and non-text responsible writing by English-as-a-Second-Language instructors and instructors in other disciplines. TR writing requires students to demonstrate understanding of specific texts in their writing rather than writing from personal experience or using a source…

In a study of peer response activities in second-language writing, two questions were investigated: whether students give good advice to their peers and what differences exist between student and teacher comments. Examination of 30 papers from 3 writing classes suggests that teacher and peer responses serve important and complementary functions.…

Addresses the question of how the education system responds to the needs of immigrant students on arrival in Vancouver, Canada, focusing on reception classes. The Oakridge Reception and Orientation Centre (OROC) was created to serve various functions for such students, including ascertaining their literacy backgrounds and assigning them to…

Describes three methods for research on the second-language writing assessment process and the kinds of questions these methods can answer. Methods include direct observation, ethnographic observation, and studies of the relations between ratings and objective measures of various textual characteristics. (JL)

An evaluation of a Des Moines program, in which the relationship of student background and program achievement was examined, is summarized. It was found that more instruction in English was beneficial in the first year of schooling, but had diminishing effects during the second and third years. Implications for similar programs are discussed. (MSE)

Reports on the progress being made in an attempt to establish a second language acquisition index of development that would gauge a learner's second language proficiency. A project was undertaken involving the analysis of 212 compositions written by university students of English as a second language. (CFM)

Reports on a study of adult learners' use of the simple past tense that showed that past tense acquisition occurs in stages determined by the lexical aspects of verbs. The article also describes a pedagogical approach for increasing accurate past tense use through contextualized examples in authentic texts and focused noticing exercises. (Contains…

English-as-a-Second-Language university students in a multiple-draft composition setting were found to pay more attention to teachers' comments on preliminary drafts than on final drafts; pay most attention to comments on grammar; and consider teachers' comments helpful overall. Problems with teacher comments and implications of the study are…