Presents an ecological theory of educational risk that conceptualizes this risk as discordant child-environment interaction that may occur in the classroom (microrisk), in the home (mesorisk), in the community (exorisk), and in the larger society (macrorisk). Discusses intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence of risk in each of these…

Discusses the disparity in academic achievement between African American males and males and females from other ethnic groups, recommending after school programs to provide services for addressing and decreasing these disparities. Notes policy issues affecting the targeted population, presents four programs that have successfully improved academic…