The origins of and competencies necessary for systematic instructional design are identified as background for a discussion of selected approaches to designing instruction. A distinction is made between the professional instructional developer and individuals designing instruction who have limited knowledge, training, experience, and resources.…

Education is a broader, more varied, longer lasting process than schooling. To meet changing social demands, teacher education programs are being adapted to prepare educators for diverse, nonschool settings. Using a synergetic approach, three skill areas are important for these teachers: systemic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal relationships.…